March is Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month, a time dedicated to raising awareness about one of the most common yet preventable cancers. Colorectal cancer affects both men and women, and its risk increases with age. However, early detection through regular screening dramatically improves survival rates.
This annual campaign encourages individuals to take action by scheduling screenings, understanding what causes colorectal cancer, and making lifestyle choices that reduce their risk. Since colorectal cancer often develops without noticeable symptoms in its early stages, preventive care is essential.
With National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month observed every March, healthcare organizations and advocacy groups emphasize the importance of education and proactive health measures. By increasing awareness, more lives can be saved through early diagnosis and treatment.
What Is Colorectal Cancer?
Colorectal cancer begins in the colon or rectum, both of which are part of the digestive system. It typically begins as noncancerous polyps—small growths that can develop into cancer over time. Some polyps remain harmless, but others may become malignant if left untreated.
This form of cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, due to advancements in screening and treatment, survival rates have significantly improved for those diagnosed early.
Common symptoms include:
- Changes in bowel habits – Diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of stools that last more than a few days.
- Rectal bleeding – Blood in the stool, which may appear bright red or dark.
- Abdominal discomfort – Persistent cramps, gas, or pain.
- Unexplained weight loss – Losing weight without changes in diet or activity.
- Fatigue or weakness – Feeling persistently tired without a clear reason.
Since symptoms may not appear until the cancer is more advanced, routine screenings are crucial for early detection.
What Causes Colorectal Cancer?
While the exact cause of colorectal cancer is not always known, several risk factors contribute to its development. These include:
Age and Family History
Colorectal cancer is more common in people over 50, though cases in younger adults have been increasing. Those with a family history of the disease have a higher risk, especially if a close relative was diagnosed before age 60.
Diet and Lifestyle
A diet high in processed and red meats while low in fiber elevates the risk of colorectal cancer. Obesity, lack of physical exercise, smoking, and excessive intake of alcohol also contribute to higher risks.
Underlying Health Conditions
Certain medical conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis), increase the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer. Additionally, people with diabetes or insulin resistance may be at greater risk.
Genetic Factors
Inherited genetic conditions, including Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), increase susceptibility to colorectal cancer. Genetic testing is necessary for individuals with a strong family history of the disease.
The Importance of Colorectal Cancer Screenings
Screening tests detect colorectal cancer at its earliest and most treatable stages. In many cases, screenings can identify precancerous polyps before they turn into cancer.
Common Screening Methods:
- Colonoscopy – A procedure where a doctor examines the colon with a flexible camera. If polyps are found, they can be removed immediately.
- Stool Tests – Includes Fecal Occult Blood Tests (FOBT) and Fecal Immunochemical Tests (FIT), which check for hidden blood in the stool.
- CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy) – Uses imaging technology to create a detailed view of the colon and rectum.
Who Should Get Screened?
- Adults at average risk should participate in screening at age 45.
- Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer should start screenings earlier.
- People with chronic digestive conditions may need more frequent screenings.
Screening guidelines may vary based on individual health conditions and risk factors, so consulting a doctor is essential.
How to Reduce the Risk of Colorectal Cancer
While not all colorectal cancer cases can be prevented, certain lifestyle changes can lower the risk:
Maintain a Healthy Diet
- Eat more fiber-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Minimize the intake of red and processed meats.
- Increase consumption of foods high in antioxidants, such as berries, nuts, and leafy greens.
Stay Physically Active
- Engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week.
- Avoid prolonged sitting or sedentary behavior.
Avoid Harmful Substances
- Quit smoking, as tobacco use is linked to an elevated risk of colorectal and other forms of cancers.
- Limit alcohol consumption, as excessive drinking can damage colon cells.
Maintain a Healthy Weight
Obesity increases the likelihood of being diagnosed with colorectal cancer. A balanced diet and regular exercise help maintain a healthy weight and reduce cancer risks.
Get Screened Regularly
Routine screenings are the most efficient way to detect colorectal cancer early. Early detection results in better treatment outcomes and lower mortality rates.
Colorectal Cancer Treatment Options
If diagnosed, colorectal cancer treatment depends on the stage of the disease, overall health, and patient preferences. The most common treatment methods include:
Surgery
Surgical removal of the tumor is often the first step in treating colorectal cancer. In early-stage cases, minimally invasive procedures may be used.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy utilizes drugs and medications to kill cancer cells and prevent their spread. It may be used before or after surgery to shrink tumors or eliminate remaining cancer cells.
Radiation Therapy
This form of treatment uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells. It is often used for rectal cancer to reduce tumor size before surgery.
Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy
- Targeted Therapy – Focuses on specific molecules involved in cancer growth.
- Immunotherapy – Helps the immune system determine and attack cancer cells.
Each treatment plan is customized depending on the patient’s condition and cancer stage.
How to Get Involved in Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month
Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month is not just about education—it’s also an opportunity to take action. Whether you’re an individual looking to spread awareness or part of a healthcare organization, there are plenty of ways to get involved:
Participate in Awareness Events
Many organizations host walks, runs, and fundraising events to support colorectal cancer research and patient care. Check local hospitals, cancer centers, or advocacy groups for events near you.
Wear Blue for Awareness
Blue is the official color of colorectal cancer awareness. Show support by wearing blue on “Dress in Blue Day” (typically the first Friday of March) or throughout the month.
Share Your Story
If you or a loved one has been affected by colorectal cancer, sharing your experience can inspire others to get screened and raise awareness. Use social media, blogs, or community events to spread the message.
Encourage Screenings
Discuss with friends, family, and coworkers about the importance of colorectal cancer screenings. If you’re eligible, lead by example and schedule your screening.
Support Advocacy Efforts
Many organizations work to improve screening access and advocate for policies that support colorectal cancer prevention. Consider signing petitions, contacting legislators, or donating to reputable organizations.
Educate Others
Host a webinar, distribute educational materials, or give a presentation at your workplace, school, or community group to spread knowledge about colorectal cancer risks and prevention.
Volunteer
Cancer organizations often need volunteers for awareness campaigns, patient support, and fundraising efforts. Whether you have medical expertise or just want to lend a helping hand, your support can make a difference.
By getting involved, you help promote early detection and prevention, ultimately saving lives. Even small efforts—like a social media post or a conversation with a loved one—can have a significant impact.
Takeaways
Understanding what causes colorectal cancer and recognizing risk factors can help individuals make proactive health choices. Regular screenings are essential for early detection, as colorectal cancer may not show signs and symptoms until later stages. Lifestyle changes, including eating a high-fiber diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding harmful substances, can significantly lower the risk.
This Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month, let us be proactive in preventing and battling the disease. Don’t wait—schedule a screening today and encourage others to do the same. Early action saves lives!
Frequently Asked Questions
What is National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month?
It is observed every March to promote early detection, encourage screenings, and educate people on risk factors and prevention strategies.
Is colorectal cancer hereditary?
While most cases occur sporadically, approximately 5-10% of colorectal cancer cases are linked to inherited genetic conditions, such as Lynch syndrome or FAP. Individuals with a strong family history should consider genetic counseling.
Can colorectal cancer be treated successfully?
Yes. When detected early, colorectal cancer is highly treatable. The five-year survival rate for localized colorectal cancer is above 90%. Regular screenings and timely treatment significantly improve outcomes.
