Eliquis (apixaban) is a widely prescribed blood thinner used to reduce the risk of stroke and blood clots in conditions like atrial fibrillation (AFib) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). While it is highly effective, patients must be aware of potential Eliquis side effects and dosage recommendations to ensure safe and effective use.
Understanding how Eliquis works, what side effects may occur, and how dosages are determined can help patients and caregivers manage treatment with confidence.
How Eliquis Works
Eliquis is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting Factor Xa, an enzyme responsible for blood clot formation. By preventing clot formation, it reduces the risk of life-threatening events such as strokes and pulmonary embolism.
Unlike older blood thinners like warfarin, Eliquis does not require regular blood monitoring, making it a convenient option for many patients. However, it is still important to take Eliquis as prescribed to avoid complications.
Recommended Eliquis Dosage
The correct Eliquis dosage depends on the medical condition being treated, as well as patient-specific factors such as age, kidney function, and other medications being used.
1. Standard Eliquis Dosage
- Atrial Fibrillation (AFib): The usual dose is 5 mg twice daily.
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Patients typically take 10 mg twice daily for the first 7 days, followed by 5 mg twice daily thereafter.
- Post-Surgical Blood Clot Prevention: For patients recovering from hip or knee replacement surgery, the usual dose is 2.5 mg twice daily for 10–35 days, depending on the procedure.
2. Adjusted Eliquis Dosage in Special Cases
Some patients require a lower Eliquis dosage due to specific health factors:
- Elderly patients (80+ years old) may be prescribed 2.5 mg twice daily if they also have reduced kidney function or low body weight.
- Patients with kidney impairment may also need a reduced dose, depending on their renal function.
- Those taking certain medications that interact with Eliquis may require dosage adjustments.
It is crucial to follow your doctor’s recommendations and avoid changing your Eliquis dosage without medical supervision.
Common Side Effects of Eliquis
Eliquis is generally well-tolerated, but like all medications, it can cause side effects. Most are mild and manageable, but some require immediate medical attention.
1. Bleeding and Bruising
Since Eliquis prevents clot formation, an increased risk of bleeding is the most common side effect. This may include:
- Frequent nosebleeds
- Easy bruising
- Prolonged bleeding from cuts
- Gum bleeding after brushing or flossing
Patients should monitor any unusual or prolonged bleeding and inform their doctor if it becomes excessive.
2. Nausea
Mild stomach discomfort or nausea can occur when taking Eliquis, particularly at the beginning of treatment. Taking the medication with food may help reduce this effect.
3. Anemia (Low Red Blood Cell Count)
Some patients may experience fatigue or dizziness due to anemia caused by minor internal bleeding. Routine blood tests can help monitor this condition.
Less Common but Serious Eliquis Side Effects
While rare, some serious side effects of Eliquis require immediate medical attention.
1. Major Bleeding Events
Severe bleeding can occur, especially in patients with a history of ulcers, recent surgeries, or other conditions that increase bleeding risk. Signs of serious bleeding include:
- Blood in urine or stools
- Coughing up blood
- Severe or persistent headaches (potential sign of brain bleeding)
2. Allergic Reactions
Although uncommon, some individuals may experience allergic reactions to Eliquis, characterized by:
- Skin rash or hives
- Swelling of the face, lips, or throat
- Difficulty breathing
These symptoms require immediate medical attention.
3. Liver Issues
In rare cases, Eliquis can affect liver function. Symptoms of liver problems may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), dark urine, or persistent nausea. If these occur, patients should contact their doctor promptly.
Eliquis Side Effects in Elderly Patients
Elderly individuals taking Eliquis may have a higher risk of side effects due to changes in metabolism and kidney function.
1. Increased Bleeding Risk
Older adults are more susceptible to bleeding complications. Even minor injuries can result in prolonged bleeding, so extra caution is advised.
2. Dizziness and Falls
Some elderly patients experience dizziness, increasing the risk of falls and injuries. Using assistive devices or moving carefully can help prevent falls.
3. Kidney Function Considerations
Since Eliquis is partly eliminated through the kidneys, elderly patients with decreased kidney function may require a lower dose to prevent drug accumulation and excess bleeding risk.
Managing Eliquis Side Effects
Most Eliquis side effects can be managed with a few precautions:
1. Monitor for Signs of Bleeding
Report any unusual bleeding to your doctor and avoid using additional blood thinners like aspirin unless prescribed.
2. Take Eliquis as Directed
Stick to the prescribed dosage schedule to maintain consistent blood levels and effectiveness.
3. Stay Hydrated and Eat a Balanced Diet
A healthy diet can support overall well-being and reduce the impact of side effects like nausea or dizziness.
4. Inform Healthcare Providers Before Procedures
Before surgeries or dental work, inform your doctor or dentist that you are taking Eliquis to minimize bleeding risks.
Takeaways
Eliquis is an effective anticoagulant for reducing stroke and blood clot risks, but understanding potential side effects is essential for safe use. Most side effects of Eliquis are mild, but serious bleeding events can occur, especially in elderly patients or those with kidney impairment.
By following the correct Eliquis dosage and monitoring for side effects, patients can safely incorporate this medication into their treatment plan. Always consult your doctor about any concerns to ensure optimal care and management.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How long does Eliquis stay in your system?
Eliquis has a half-life of about 12 hours, meaning it takes approximately 24-48 hours for it to be fully eliminated from the body after stopping the medication.
Can Eliquis cause weight gain?
Weight gain is not a common side effect of Eliquis. However, fluid retention or other underlying conditions may contribute to changes in weight.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Eliquis?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it’s close to your next scheduled dose. Do not take two doses at the same time to make up for a missed dose.
Can Eliquis be stopped suddenly?
Stopping Eliquis abruptly increases the risk of blood clots. Always consult your doctor before discontinuing use, as they may provide a safe tapering plan if necessary.
